Shahjahanabad was inhabited in the seventeenth century as the capital city of the Mughal Empire, in the geographical region of Delhi. This work focuses on the structure of the city, its subsequent growth and the numerous functions it came to assume in a period of two hundred years. The study examines the theoretical formulations applied to understand Indian cities which have obfuscated their real form rather than reveal their true images. In order to project a clearer image of Shahjahanabad, historical evidences that may be gleaned from numerous sources have been highlighted here.