While Islamic festivals are colourful and rich in interpretative material, they also present endless ramifications in terms of the history and psychology of religion over many centuries and in many parts of the world. As these ramifications are not easily fitted into one simple co-ordinated system, this book is concerned with the essential and typical elements of Islamic ritual, rather than the peculiarities of any one sect, period or nationality. Thus, it aims to provide a portrait of a typical Muslim as a practising believer by showing him at prayer, on pilgrimage, or honouring his saints.